In recent years, we have increasingly heard the term “subsidiary protection” in the context of life in Poland. But what does this protection really mean, who is it for, and how does the system work? Let’s take a closer look.
What is Subsidiary Protection and What Does It Mean in Poland?
Subsidiary protection is one of the legal procedures in Poland and does not require meeting complex conditions. The main criterion is the existence of a real threat to your life in your home country. Currently, all citizens of Belarus and Ukraine are considered at potential risk: Belarus is experiencing repression, and Ukraine is affected by ongoing military conflict. Based on this, you have the right to apply for subsidiary protection from the Polish state.
What Are the Requirements for Obtaining Subsidiary Protection in Poland?
There are no requirements to provide employment contracts or proof of regular income. All you need is to submit an application (Wniosek o nadanie statusu uchodźcy), which covers both refugee status and subsidiary protection.
The procedure starts with an initial assessment for refugee status. If for any reason you do not meet the criteria to be recognized as a refugee, you can still be granted subsidiary protection. To apply, you only need your passport and basic knowledge of the Polish language. The application process is relatively straightforward: you must visit the Border Guard (Straż Graniczna) and make an appointment.
In recent years, the appointment system at the Border Guard has changed several times, but now it is more predictable. You can go to the Border Guard at Taborowa 33 in Warsaw, and communicate in Ukrainian or Belarusian. The staff will assist you with all the required documentation without any language barriers.
How Does the Application Procedure Work and What Should You Expect?
After your visit to the Border Guard, you will be scheduled for an interview. If you don’t speak Polish, a translator will be provided. We highly recommend using a translator even if you have basic Polish skills to avoid misunderstandings and ensure your statements are correctly documented.
The process of obtaining subsidiary protection in Poland usually takes around six months. During this period, you are entitled to free social insurance and financial assistance. The average allowance is about 750 PLN per person, and if you have children or a spouse, this amount may increase by 250 PLN for each additional family member.
However, like any system, there are certain nuances. It’s important to remember that during the processing of your documents, your passport will be temporarily held, and you will receive a confirmation document stating that you are not allowed to leave Polish territory during the administrative procedure. This is an important factor, especially for those planning to travel or have commitments abroad.
Risks and Limitations of Subsidiary Protection
Applying for subsidiary protection in Poland is not the best option for everyone. For example, it may not be suitable for Belarusians who frequently visit their country, as this could raise questions about the seriousness of their application. It is also not ideal for those who wish to avoid being restricted to Poland for six months.
For many entrepreneurs who need to travel frequently, holding onto their passport is critical, and the administrative process temporarily prevents that. Additionally, the situation in Ukraine and Belarus can change rapidly. At any moment, the status of subsidiary protection may be revoked if conditions in those countries improve.
Before submitting your application, carefully assess your situation and goals. Remember that subsidiary protection is temporary, and you will likely need to periodically confirm your continued eligibility.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Subsidiary Protection in Poland
The main advantage of subsidiary protection in Poland is the quick processing time — usually just 2–3 weeks compared to the longer procedures for obtaining a residence permit.
If you receive a positive decision, you can also apply for a residence permit valid for 2 years. However, there are downsides: you are not allowed to leave Poland during the process and must remain in the country throughout the application review period.
It’s also important to note that your protection may be withdrawn if the situation in your home country stabilizes and new safety conditions arise.
Conclusion: Is Subsidiary Protection Worth Applying For?
In summary, subsidiary protection in Poland is a valuable opportunity for citizens of Ukraine and Belarus in need of support and serves as an important tool for legal residence in Poland. However, before applying, it’s important to carefully consider your individual situation and any potential limitations.
If you’re also interested in receiving support and information regarding business in Poland, we offer training sessions and consultations on business legalization and company registration. Feel free to leave your comments and questions under this video — we’ll be happy to answer them!
